Progress in Pediatric Cardiology RSS feed: Current Issue. Progress in Pediatric Cardiology is an international journal of review presenting information and experienced opinion of importance in the understanding and management of cardiovascular diseases in children. Each issue is prepared by one or more Guest Editors and reviews a single subject, allowing for comprehensive presentations of complex, multifaceted or rapidly changing topics of clinical and investigative interest. Topics of Forthcoming Issues •Pulmonary atresia ( Guest Editor: Gary K. Lofland ) •Marfan syndrome ( Guest Editor: Duke E. Cameron ) •Tetralogy of Fallot ( Guest Editor: Tal Geva ) •Adult congenital heart disease (Highlights of Toronto ACHD) ( Guest Editors: Erwin N. Oechslin and Gary Webb ) •Pulmonary hypertension ( Guest Editor: Jeffrey A. Feinstein ) •Non-invasive cardiac imaging, MRI and CT ( Guest Editors: Andrew Taylor and Vivek Muthurangu ) Readers interested in being a guest editor or participating in the development of a review for publication should contact the Editor-in-Chief, Gary K. Lofland, MD, Progress in Pediatric Cardiology, The Children's Mercy Hospital, 2401 Gilliam Road, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA; E-mail: glofland@cmh.edu Books and reports of clinical or investigative relevance to pediatric cardiovascular medicine will be reviewed and published. Authors, editors and institutions should send one copy for review to the Editor. Electronic usage: An increasing number of readers access the journal online via ScienceDirect, one of the world's most advanced web delivery systems for scientific, technical and medical information. Average monthly article downloads for this journal: 3,344* * Figure is an average based on full text articles downloaded monthly via ScienceDirect between August 2008 and March 2009 http://www.ppc-journal.com/?rss=yesElsevier Inc.en © 2010 Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Progress in Pediatric Cardiology1058-9813281-2January 2010 © 2010 Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. healthpermissions@elsevier.comhttp://www.ppc-journal.com/article/PIIS1058981310000160/abstract?rss=yesEditorial Board10.1016/S1058-9813(10)00016-0Progress in Pediatric Cardiology 28, 1 (2010)2010-01-01Progress in Pediatric Cardiology2010-01-01281-2S1058-9813(10)X0002-9iiiihttp://www.ppc-journal.com/article/PIIS1058981309000332/abstract?rss=yesImaging has always been an integral part of diagnosis and management in pediatric cardiology. However, in the last ten years there has been an explosion in new technologies. This is particularly true of magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography, which are now extensively used in patients with congenital heart disease. Of course, optimum use of these modalities requires new skills to be developed in both the pediatric cardiology and radiology communities. The cardiologist must learn the strengths and weaknesses of these technologies and this requires some understanding of the physics behind them. The radiologist, on the other hand must learn the anatomy and physiology of congenital heart disease, which can be difficult for the newcomer to the field.Andrew Taylor, Vivek Muthurangu10.1016/j.ppedcard.2009.10.001Progress in Pediatric Cardiology 28, 1 (2010)2010-01-01Progress in Pediatric Cardiology2010-01-01281-2S1058-9813(10)X0002-911http://www.ppc-journal.com/article/PIIS1058981309000344/abstract?rss=yesAbstract: Cardiovascular MR is a rapidly developing field with expanding clinical applications. It is a very powerful adjunct to the established modes of echocardiography and cardiac catheterization. It provides exceptional visualization of 3D anatomy and reliable measures of cardiovascular function and haemodynamics. In the centers producing comprehensive scans, it is becoming an integral part of the management of complex cardiac lesions and facilitates communication between providers. The future will see an increasing use of cardiovascular MR in pediatric congenital heart disease, particularly as it becomes fully integrated in pediatric cardiac units and is incorporated into catheterization-based interventions.Cardiovascular MR imaging — Indications, techniques and protocolsMarina L. Hughes, Vivek Muthurangu, Andrew M. Taylor10.1016/j.ppedcard.2009.10.002Progress in Pediatric Cardiology 28, 1 (2010)2010-01-01Progress in Pediatric Cardiology2010-01-01281-2S1058-9813(10)X0002-9310http://www.ppc-journal.com/article/PIIS1058981309000381/abstract?rss=yesAbstract: Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) has become a cornerstone in the diagnosis and management of congenital heart disease and selected paediatric cardiology patients. This article reviews the relevance of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) CMR in both congenital and acquired heart diseases. Commonly, adult LGE CMR is with a view to understanding myocardial viability in older ischaemic heart disease patients, where the extent, location, pattern and transmurality of LGE relate to longer term outcomes. However, LGE findings also contribute to diagnosing non-ischaemic cardiomyopathies and their potential aetiology. New uses also include using LGE CMR as an outcome measure in the assessment of interventions including pharmacotherapies. With time there is emerging data regarding a potential role for LGE CMR in risk stratification for arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death. There is therefore understandable interest in its relevance from clinicians involved in assessing and caring for cardiovascular disease in the young, whether congenital or acquired and early reports in these settings are discussed. After outlining aspects concerning principle, practice and pitfalls of the technique, the described clinical experience of late gadolinium enhancement will be discussed. Robust research will be required to fully understand where LGE CMR will fit in with routine clinical paediatric cardiology and adult congenital practice but it seems likely to have a unique role to improve diagnosis and management strategies, determine response to therapies, and assess long term prognosis, not only in ischaemic heart disease patients, but in these cardiac patients too.The role of late gadolinium enhancement cardiovascular magnetic resonance in the assessment of congenital and acquired heart diseaseSonya V. Babu-Narayan10.1016/j.ppedcard.2009.10.006Progress in Pediatric Cardiology 28, 1 (2010)2010-01-01Progress in Pediatric Cardiology2010-01-01281-2S1058-9813(10)X0002-91119http://www.ppc-journal.com/article/PIIS1058981309000393/abstract?rss=yesAbstract: CT in congenital heart disease is a rapidly evolving field. Advances in spatial and temporal resolutions, have led to a redefinition and expansion of its role. Used alongside MR, CT is a complement to echocardiography, to aid decision-making and surgical planning, and is gradually supplanting the role of diagnostic angiography. This review describes the indications for cardiovascular CT in children and adult populations, acquisition techniques, and methods of dose reduction.Cardiovascular CT imaging in congenital heart diseaseOliver Richard Tann, Vivek Muthurangu, Carol Young, Catherine M. Owens10.1016/j.ppedcard.2009.10.007Progress in Pediatric Cardiology 28, 1 (2010)2010-01-01Progress in Pediatric Cardiology2010-01-01281-2S1058-9813(10)X0002-92127http://www.ppc-journal.com/article/PIIS1058981309000368/abstract?rss=yesAbstract: The population of adult survivors with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is growing over the last decades due to improvements in perinatal management, intensive care and surgical techniques. Pulmonary regurgitation (PR) plays a crucial role in the long-term outcome of these patients. Although PR may be tolerated well for many years, eventually it may lead to right ventricular (RV) dilatation, RV dysfunction, exercise intolerance, arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging is an important tool in the follow-up of patients after TOF repair, because biventricular volumes and function and PR volume and fraction can be measured with great accuracy and reproducibility.CMR imaging studies have identified risk factors for late adverse outcomes in patients after TOF repair. These include increased RV end-diastolic volume (EDV), reduced left ventricular ejection fraction and abnormal RV outflow tract function. Other applications of CMR include stress imaging, assessment of diastolic function and late gadolinium enhancement, which have provided additional insight in the function of the RV.Timing of pulmonary valve replacement (PVR) is controversial and should balance between the preservation of RV function and the need for subsequent PVR surgery, since the life-span of a homograft is limited. Based on CMR imaging studies, PVR will be considered if the RVEDV reaches a threshold of between 150 and 200ml/m2 in the presence of severe PR. However, timing of PVR should be based on multiple factors, other than RV size and PR fraction alone.Tetralogy of Fallot — Does MR imaging have the answers?Saskia E. Luijnenburg, Hubert W. Vliegen, Barbara J.M. Mulder, Willem A. Helbing10.1016/j.ppedcard.2009.10.004Progress in Pediatric Cardiology 28, 1 (2010)2010-01-01Progress in Pediatric Cardiology2010-01-01281-2S1058-9813(10)X0002-92934http://www.ppc-journal.com/article/PIIS105898130900037X/abstract?rss=yesAbstract: Transposition of the great arteries (TGA) is one of the more common congenital heart diseases, accounting for 5% to 7% of all congenital cardiac lesions. Patients are now treated with anatomical correction with the arterial switch operation. In these patients MR and CT assessment can be useful to assess ventricular function, valvular function, the branch pulmonary arteries, and increasingly the coronary arteries. Historically, there remain a group of TGA patients who were treated with the atrial switching—Mustard or Senning operations. These patients present different follow-up problems, with failing systemic right ventricles, venous pathway obstruction and baffle leaks. Again MR and CT imaging can provide accurate diagnostic and prognostic information in these patients. This review will provide a brief description of the surgical options for TGA, followed by a discussion of the currently available CT and MR techniques, and their clinical role in the preoperative, immediate and late post-operative periods.Transposition of the Great Vessels — The arterial switch operation, the atrial switch operation, the coronariesTaylor Chung, Rajesh Krishnamurthy, Lorna Browne10.1016/j.ppedcard.2009.10.005Progress in Pediatric Cardiology 28, 1 (2010)2010-01-01Progress in Pediatric Cardiology2010-01-01281-2S1058-9813(10)X0002-93543http://www.ppc-journal.com/article/PIIS1058981309000356/abstract?rss=yesAbstract: Patients with functional single ventricle heart disease undergo a series of palliative surgeries, typically culminating in a Fontan-type circulation. For the past three decades, the primary cardiac imaging modalities used to follow such patients have been echocardiography and catheter angiography. With the advent and rapid development of cardiac magnetic resonance and cardiac computed tomography over the past decade, these modalities offer novel techniques and capabilities to evaluate the single ventricle circulation. This article reviews the surgical management of the patient with functional single ventricle, and then explores the role of various imaging modalities in this setting with an emphasis on these newer techniques.Imaging complex congenital heart disease — functional single ventricle, the Glenn circulation and the Fontan circulation: A multimodality approachDavid W. Brown, Andrew J. Powell, Tal Geva10.1016/j.ppedcard.2009.10.003Progress in Pediatric Cardiology 28, 1 (2010)2010-01-01Progress in Pediatric Cardiology2010-01-01281-2S1058-9813(10)X0002-94558http://www.ppc-journal.com/article/PIIS105898130900040X/abstract?rss=yesAbstract: Real-time magnetic resonance imaging is attractive to guide minimally invasive treatment of structural heart disease not only because it can spare radiation but also because soft tissue imaging may add value. Interventional cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging will allow simple as well as novel non-surgical treatments of structural heart disease in children. Real-time MRI tools already are available. Catheter tools are emerging. A handful of pediatrics hospitals are installing investigational systems now to explore this promising technology.Interventional cardiovascular MR—The next stage in pediatric cardiologyKanishka Ratnayaka, Robert J. Lederman10.1016/j.ppedcard.2009.10.008Progress in Pediatric Cardiology 28, 1 (2010)2010-01-01Progress in Pediatric Cardiology2010-01-01281-2S1058-9813(10)X0002-95967http://www.ppc-journal.com/article/PIIS1058981310000202/abstract?rss=yesFuture Topics and Guest Editors10.1016/S1058-9813(10)00020-2Progress in Pediatric Cardiology 28, 1 (2010)2010-01-01Progress in Pediatric Cardiology2010-01-01281-2S1058-9813(10)X0002-96969http://www.ppc-journal.com/article/PIIS1058981310000214/abstract?rss=yesFuture Meetings10.1016/S1058-9813(10)00021-4Progress in Pediatric Cardiology 28, 1 (2010)2010-01-01Progress in Pediatric Cardiology2010-01-01281-2S1058-9813(10)X0002-97172