Progress in Pediatric Cardiology
Volume 27, Issue 1 , Pages 43-48 , December 2009

Pulmonary hypertension in bronchopulmonary dysplasia

  • Peter M. Mourani

      Affiliations

    • The Pediatric Heart Lung Center, Section of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, School of Medicine and The Children's Hospital, Aurora, USA
    • The Pediatric Heart Lung Center, Section of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, School of Medicine and The Children's Hospital, Aurora, USA
  • ,
  • Mary Mullen

      Affiliations

    • The Department of Cardiology, Harvard University Medical School and the Children's Hospital of Boston, Boston MA, USA
  • ,
  • Steven H. Abman

      Affiliations

    • The Pediatric Heart Lung Center, Section of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, School of Medicine and The Children's Hospital, Aurora, USA
    • The Pediatric Heart Lung Center, Section of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, School of Medicine and The Children's Hospital, Aurora, USA
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Heart Lung Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine and The Children's Hospital, Mail Stop B395, 13123 East 16th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA. Tel.: +1 720 777 5821.

References 

  1. Northway WH, Rosan RC, Porter DY. Pulmonary disease following respiratory therapy of hyaline membrane disease. N Engl J Med. 1967;276:357–368
  2. Bland RD, Coalson JJ. Chronic lung disease in early infancy. NY: Marcel Dekker; 2000;
  3. Jobe AH, Bancalari E. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001;163:1723–1729
  4. Bancalari E, Abdenour GE, Feller R, Gannon J. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia: clinical presentation. J Pediatr. 1979;95:819–823
  5. Jobe AH. The new BPD: an arrest of lung development. Pediatr Res. 1999;46:641–643
  6. Charafeddine L, D'Angio CT, Phelps DL. Atypical chronic lung disease patterns in neonates. Pediatrics. 1999;103:759–760
  7. Rojas MA, Gonzalez A, Bancalari E, et al. Changing trends in the epidemiology and pathogenesis of chronic lung disease. J Pediatr. 1995;126:605–610
  8. Smith VC, Zupanic JAF, McCormick MC, et al. Trends in more severe BPD rates between 1994–2002. J Pediatr. 2005;146:469–473
  9. Hussain AN, Siddiqui NH, Stocker JT. Pathology of arrested acinar development in post-surfactant BPD. Hum Pathol. 1998;29:710–717
  10. Bancarali E, Gonzalez A. Clinical course and lung function abnormalities during development of chronic lung disease. In:  Bland RD,  Coalson JJ editor. Chronic lung disease in early infancy. NY: Marcel Deffer; 2000;
  11. Coalson JJ. Pathology of chronic lung disease of early infancy. In:  Bland RD,  Coalson JJ editor. Chronic lung disease in early infancy. NY: Marcel Deffer; 2000;
  12. Evans NJ, Archer LNJ. Doppler assessment of pulmonary artery pressure during recovery from hyaline membrane disease. Arch Dis Child. 1991;66:802–804
  13. Subhedar NV, Shaw NJ. Changes in pulmonary arterial pressure in preterm infants with chronic lung disease. Arch Dis Child. 2000;82:F243–F247
  14. Fouron JC, Le Guennec JC, Villemant D, et al. Value of echocardiography in assessing the outcome of bronchopulmonary dysplasia of the newborn. Pediatrics. 1980;65(3):529–535
  15. Khemani E, McElhinney DB, Rhein L, et al. Pulmonary artery hypertension in formerly premature infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia: clinical features and outcomes in the surfactant era. Pediatrics. 2007;120(6):1260–1269
  16. Coalson JJ. Pathology of chronic lung disease of early infancy. In:  Bland RD,  Coalson JJ editor. Chronic lung disease of early infancy. NY: Marcel Dekker; 2000;p. 85–124
  17. De Paepe ME, Mao Q, Powell J, et al. Growth of pulmonary microvasculature in ventilated preterm infants. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2006;173(2):204–211
  18. Hussain AN, Siddiqui NH, Stocker JT. Pathology of arrested acinar development in postsurfactant BPD. Hum Pathol. 1998;29:710–717
  19. Jobe AH, Bancalari E. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001;163(7):1723–1729
  20. Abman SH. BPD: a vascular hypothesis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001;164:1755–1756
  21. Hislop AA, Haworth SG. Pulmonary vascular damage and the development of cor pulmonale following hyaline membrane disease. Pediatr Pulmonol. 1990;152–161
  22. Tomashefski JF, Opperman HC, Vawter GF. BPD: a morphometric study with emphasis on the pulmonary vasculature. Pediatr Pathol. 1984;2:469–487
  23. Abman SH. Pulmonary hypertension in chronic lung disease of infancy. Pathogenesis, pathophysiology and treatment. In:  Bland RD,  Coalson JJ editor. Chronic lung disease of infancy. NY: Marcel Dekker; 2000;p. 619–668
  24. Jones R, Zapol WM, Reid LM. Pulmonary artery remodeling and pulmonary hypertension after exposure to hyperoxia for 7days. Am J Pathol. 1984;117:273–285
  25. Halliday HL, Dumpit FM, Brady JP. Effects of inspired oxygen on echocardiographic assessment of pulmonary vascular resistance and myocardial contractility in BPD. Pediatrics. 1980;65:536–540
  26. Abman SH, Wolfe RR, Accurso FJ, et al. Pulmonary vascular response to oxygen in infants with severe BPD. Pediatrics. 1985;75:80–84
  27. Goodman G, Perkin R, Anas N. Pulmonary hypertension in infants with BPD. J Pediatr. 1988;112:67–72
  28. Mourani PM, Ivy DD, Gao D, Abman SH. Pulmonary vascular effects of inhaled NO and oxygen tension in BPD. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2004;170:1006–1013
  29. Jakkula M, Le Cras TD, Gebb S, et al. Inhibition of angiogenesis decreases alveolarization in the developing rat lung. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2000;279:L600–L607
  30. Bhatt AJ, Pryhuber GS, Huyck H, et al. Disrupted pulmonary vasculature and decreased VEGF, flt-1, and Tie 2 in human infants dying with BPD. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000;164:1971–1980
  31. Walther FJ, Benders MJ, Leighton JO. Persistent pulmonary hypertension in premature neonates with severe respiratory distress syndrome. Pediatrics. 1992;90(6):899–904
  32. Abman SH. Monitoring cardiovascular function in infants with chronic lung disease of prematurity. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2002;87(1):F15–F18
  33. Kovesi T, Abdurahman A, Blayney M. Elevated carbon dioxide tension as a predictor of subsequent adverse events in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Lung. 2006;184(1):7–13
  34. Mourani PM, Ivy DD, Rosenberg AA, et al. Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in bronchopulmonary dysplasia. J Pediatr. 2008;152(2):291–293
  35. Puchalski MD, Lozier JS, Bradley DJ, et al. Electrocardiography in the diagnosis of right ventricular hypertrophy in children. Pediatrics. 2006;118(3):1052–1055
  36. Yock PG, Popp RL. Noninvasive estimation of right ventricular systolic pressure by Doppler ultrasound in patients with tricuspid regurgitation. Circulation. 1984;70(4):657–662
  37. Berger M, Haimowitz A, Van Tosh A, et al. Quantitative assessment of pulmonary hypertension in patients with tricuspid regurgitation using continuous wave Doppler ultrasound. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1985;6(2):359–365
  38. Currie PJ, Seward JB, Chan KL, et al. Continuous wave Doppler determination of right ventricular pressure: a simultaneous Doppler-catheterization study in 127 patients. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1985;6(4):750–756
  39. Skjaerpe T, Hatle L. Noninvasive estimation of systolic pressure in the right ventricle in patients with tricuspid regurgitation. Eur Heart J. 1986;7(8):704–710
  40. Skinner JR, Stuart AG, O'Sullivan J, et al. Right heart pressure determination by Doppler in infants with tricuspid regurgitation. Arch Dis Child. 1993;69(2):216–220
  41. Mourani PM, Sontag MK, Younoszai A, et al. Clinical utility of echocardiography for the diagnosis and management of pulmonary vascular disease in young children with chronic lung disease. Pediatrics. 2008;121(2):317–325
  42. Arcasoy SM, Christie JD, Ferrari VA, et al. Echocardiographic assessment of pulmonary hypertension in patients with advanced lung disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2003;167(5):735–740
  43. Yates AR, Welty SE, Gest AL, et al. Myocardial tissue Doppler changes in patients with BPD. J Pediatr. 2008;152:766–770
  44. Drossner DM, Kim DW, Maher KO, et al. Pulmonary vein stenosis: prematurity and associated conditions. Pediatrics. 2008;122:e656–e661
  45. Groothuis JR, Rosenberg AA. Home oxygen promotes weight gain in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Am J Dis Child. 1987;141(9):992–995
  46. Banks BA, Seri I, Ischiropoulos H, et al. Changes in oxygenation with inhaled nitric oxide in severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Pediatrics. 1999;103(3):610–618
  47. Schreiber MD, Gin-Mestan K, Marks JD, et al. Inhaled nitric oxide in premature infants with the respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2003;349(22):2099–2107
  48. Kinsella JP, Cutter GR, Walsh WF, et al. Early inhaled nitric oxide therapy in premature newborns with respiratory failure. N Engl J Med. 2006;355(4):354–364
  49. Ballard RA, Truog WE, Canaan A, et al. Inhaled nitric oxide in preterm infants undergoing mechanical ventilation. N Engl J Med. 2006;355(4):343–353
  50. Channick RN, Newhart JW, Johnson FW, et al. Pulsed delivery of inhaled nitric oxide to patients with primary pulmonary hypertension: an ambulatory delivery system and initial clinical tests. Chest. 1996;109(6):1545–1549
  51. Kitamukai O, Sakuma M, Takahashi T, et al. Hemodynamic effects of inhaled nitric oxide using pulse delivery and continuous delivery systems in pulmonary hypertension. Intern Med. 2002;41(6):429–434
  52. Ivy DD, Parker D, Doran A, et al. Acute hemodynamic effects and home therapy using a novel pulsed nasal nitric oxide delivery system in children and young adults with pulmonary hypertension. Am J Cardiol. 2003;92(7):886–890
  53. Mourani PM, Sontag MK, Ivy DD, Abman SH. Effects of long-term sildenafil treatment for pulmonary hypertension in infants with chronic lung disease. J Pediatr. 2008;[Electronic publication ahead of print]
  54. Galie N, Ghofrani HA, Torbicki A, et al. Sildenafil citrate therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension. N Engl J Med. 2005;353(20):2148–2157
  55. Ghofrani HA, Rose F, Schermuly RT, et al. Oral sildenafil as long-term adjunct therapy to inhaled iloprost in severe pulmonary arterial hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003;42(1):158–164
  56. Bhatia S, Frantz RP, Severson CJ, et al. Immediate and long-term hemodynamic and clinical effects of sildenafil in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension receiving vasodilator therapy. Mayo Clin Proc. 2003;78(10):1207–1213
  57. Baquero H, Soliz A, Neira F, et al. Oral sildenafil in infants with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn: a pilot randomized blinded study. Pediatrics. 2006;117(4):1077–1083
  58. Humpl T, Reyes JT, Holtby H, et al. Beneficial effect of oral sildenafil therapy on childhood pulmonary arterial hypertension: twelve-month clinical trial of a single-drug, open-label, pilot study. Circulation. 2005;111(24):3274–3280
  59. Namachivayam P, Theilen U, Butt WW, et al. Sildenafil prevents rebound pulmonary hypertension after withdrawal of nitric oxide in children. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2006;174(9):1042–1047
  60. Rosenberg AA, Kennaugh J, Koppenhafer SL, et al. Elevated immunoreactive endothelin-1 levels in newborn infants with persistent pulmonary hypertension. J Pediatr. 1993;123(1):109–114
  61. Kojima T, Hattori K, Hirata Y, et al. Endothelin-1 has a priming effect on production of superoxide anion by alveolar macrophages: its possible correlation with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Pediatr Res. 1996;39(1):112–116
  62. Allen SW, Chatfield BA, Koppenhafer SL, et al. Circulating immunoreactive endothelin-1 in children with pulmonary hypertension associated with acute hypoxic pulmonary vasoreactivity. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1993;148:519–522
  63. Rosenzweig EB, Ivy DD, Widlitz A, et al. Effects of long-term bosentan in children with pulmonary arterial hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005;46(4):697–704
  64. Benza RL, Mehta S, Keogh A, et al. Sitaxsentan treatment for patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension discontinuing bosentan. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2007;26(1):63–69
  65. Brownlee JR, Beekman RH, Rosenthal A. Acute hemodynamic effects of nifedipine in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia and pulmonary hypertension. Pediatr Res. 1988;24(2):186–190
  66. Johnson CE, Beekman RH, Kostyshak DA, et al. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of nifedipine in children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia and pulmonary hypertension. Pediatr Res. 1991;29(5):500–503
  67. Barst RJ, Rubin LJ, Long WA, et al. A comparison of continuous epoprotenol (prostacyclin) with conventional therapy for primary pulmonary hypertension. N Engl J Med. 1996;334:296–302
  68. Barst RJ, Maislin G, Fishman AP. Vasodilator therapy for primary pulmonary hypertension in children. Circulation. 1999;99(9):1197–1208
  69. Zaidi AN, Dettorre MD, Ceneviva GD, et al. Epoprostenol and home mechanical ventilation for pulmonary hypertension associated with chronic lung disease. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2005;40(3):265–269
  70. Rugolotto S, Errico G, Beghini R, et al. Weaning of epoprostenol in a small infant receiving concomitant bosentan for severe pulmonary arterial hypertension secondary to bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Minerva Pediatr. 2006;58(5):491–494
  71. Ivy DD, Doran AK, Smith KJ, et al. Short- and long-term effects of inhaled iloprost therapy in children with pulmonary arterial hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008;51(2):161–169

PII: S1058-9813(09)00030-7

doi: 10.1016/j.ppedcard.2009.09.007

Progress in Pediatric Cardiology
Volume 27, Issue 1 , Pages 43-48 , December 2009