Progress in Pediatric Cardiology
Volume 25, Issue 2 , Pages 119-124 , September 2008

The impact of obesity in children with congenital and acquired heart disease

  • Sara K. Pasquali
  • ,
  • Meryl S. Cohen

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. The Cardiac Center at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Division of Cardiology, 34th Street and Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States. Tel.: +1 215 590 3354; fax: +1 215 590 3788.

References 

  1. Boneva RS, Botto LD, Moore CA, et al. Mortality associated with congenital heart defects in the United States: trends and racial disparities, 1979–1997. Circulation. 2001;103:2376–2381
  2. Gatzoulis MA. Adult congenital heart disease: a cardiovascular area of growth in urgent need of additional resource allocation. Int J Cardiol. 2004;97(suppl 1):1–2
  3. Strauss RS, Pollack HA. Epidemic increase in childhood overweight, 1986–1998. JAMA. Dec 12 2001;286(22):2845–2848
  4. Hedley AA, Ogden CL, Johnson CL, et al. Prevalence of overweight and obesity among US children, adolescents, and adults, 1999–2002. JAMA. 2004;291:2847–2850
  5. Berenson GS, Pickoff AS. Preventive cardiology and its potential influence on the early natural history of adult heart diseases: the Bogalusa Heart Study and the Heart Smart Program. Am J Med Sci. 1995;310(Suppl 1):S133–138
  6. Chinali M, de Simone G, Roman MJ, et al. Impact of obesity on cardiac geometry and function in a population of adolescents: the Strong Heart Study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;47:2267–2273
  7. Freedman DS, Khan LK, Serdula MK, Dietz WH, Srinivasan SR, Berenson GS. The relation of childhood BMI to adult adiposity: the Bogalusa Heart Study. Pediatrics. Jan 2005;115(1):22–27
  8. Berenson GS, Srinivasan SR, Bao W, et al. Association between multiple cardiovascular risk factors and atherosclerosis in children and young adults. N Engl J Med. 1998;338:1650–1656
  9. Baker JL, Olsen LW, Sorensen TIA. Childhood body-mass index and the risk of coronary heart disease in adulthood. N Engl J Med. 2007;357:2329–2337
  10. Levy D, Garrison RJ, Savage DD, Kannel WB, Castelli WP. Prognostic implications of echocardiographically determined left ventricular mass in the Framingham Heart Study. N Engl J Med. 1990;322:1561–1566
  11. Anderson TJ, Uehata A, Gerhard MD, et al. Close relation of endothelial function in the human coronary and peripheral circulations. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1995;26:1235–1241
  12. O'Leary DH, Polak JF, Kronmai RA, et al. Carotid artery intima and media thickness as a risk factor for myocardial infarction and stroke in older adults. N Engl J Med. 1999;340:14–22
  13. Woo KS, Chook P, Yu CW, et al. Overweight in children is associated with arterial endothelial dysfunction and intima-media thickening. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2004;28:852–857
  14. Woo KS, Chook P, Yu CW, et al. Effects of diet and exercise on obesity-related vascular dysfunction in children. Circulation. 2004;109:1981–1986
  15. Kavey RW, Allada V, Daniels SR, et al. Cardiovascular risk reduction in high-risk pediatric patients. Circulation. 2006;114:2710–2738
  16. Roberts WC. Major anomalies of coronary arterial origin seen in adulthood. Am Heart J. 1986;111:941–963
  17. Brothers JA, McBride MG, Seliem MA, et al. Evaluation of myocardial ischemia after surgical repair of anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery in a series of pediatric patients. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007;50:2078–2082
  18. Kato H, Sugimura T, Akagi T, et al. Long-term consequences of Kawasaki disease: a 10- to 21-year follow-up study of 594 patients. Circulation. 1996;94:1379–1385
  19. Muzik O, Paridon SM, Singh TP, et al. Quantification of myocardial blood flow and flow reserve in children with a history of Kawasaki disease and normal coronary arteries using positron emission tomography. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1996;28:757–762
  20. Jatene AD, Fontes VF, Souza LC, et al. Anatomic correction of transposition of the great arteries. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1982;83:20–26
  21. Ross DN. Replacement of aortic and mitral valves with a pulmonary autograft. Lancet. 1967;2:956–958
  22. Tanel RE, Wernovsky G, Landzberg MJ, Perry SB, Burke RP. Coronary artery abnormalities detected at cardiac catheterization following the arterial switch operation for transposition of the great arteries. Am J Cardiol. 1995;76:153–157
  23. Pedra SR, Pedra CA, Abizaid AA, et al. Intracoronary ultrasound assessment late after the arterial switch operation for transposition of the great arteries. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005;45:2061–2068
  24. Gagliardi MG, Adorisio R, Crea F, et al. Abnormal vasomotor function of the epicardial coronary arteries in children five to eight years after arterial switch operation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005;46:1565–1572
  25. Freed MD, Rocchini A, Rosenthal A, Nadas AS, Castaneda AR. Exercise-induced hypertension after surgical repair of coarctation of the aorta. Am J Cardiol. 1979;43:253–258
  26. Simon AB, Zloto AE. Coarctation of the aorta: longitudinal assessment of operated patients. Circulation. 1974;50:456–464
  27. Maron BJ, Humphries JO, Rowe RD, Mellits ED. Prognosis of surgically corrected coarctation of the aorta: a 20-year postoperative appraisal. Circulation. 1973;47:119–126
  28. De Divitiis M, Pilla C, Katterhorn M, et al. Vascular dysfunction after repair of coarctation of the aorta: impact of early surgery. Circulation. 2001;104:I–165
  29. Sigfusson G, Fricker FJ, Bernstein D, et al. Long-term survivors of pediatric heart transplantation: a multicenter report of sixty-eight children who have survived longer than five years. J Pediatr. 1997;130:862–871
  30. Dent CL, Canter CE, Hirsch R, Balzer DT. Transplant coronary artery disease in pediatric heart transplant recipients. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2000;19:240–248
  31. Boucek MM, Edwards LB, Keck BM, et al. The Registry of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: Sixth Official Pediatric Report-2003. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2003;22:636–652
  32. Ventura HO, Mehra MR, Stapleton DD, et al. Cyclosporine induced hypertension in cardiac transplantation. Medical Clinics of North America. 1997;81:1347–1357
  33. Kaye D, Thompson J, Jennings G, et al. Cyclosporine therapy after cardiac transplantation causes hypertension and renal vasoconstriction without sympathetic activation. Circulation. 1993;88:1101–1109
  34. Pinto NM, Marino BS, Wernovsky G, et al. Obesity is a common comorbidity in children with congenital and acquired heart disease. Pediatrics. 2007;120:e1157–e1164
  35. Massin MM, Hovels-Gurich H, Seghaye MC. Atherosclerosis lifestyle risk factors in children with congenital heart disease. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2007;14:349–351
  36. Ong KK, Emmett PM, Noble S, et al. Dietary energy intake at the age of 4 months predicts postnatal weight gain and childhood body mass index. Pediatrics. 2006;117:e503–e508
  37. Vieira TCL, Trigo M, Alonso RR, et al. Assessment of food intake in infants between 0 and 24 months with congenital heart disease. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2007;88:624–628
  38. Thompson PD, Franklin BA, Balady GJ, et al. Exercise and acute cardiovascular events placing the risks into perspective: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism and the Council on Clinical Cardiology. Circulation. 2007;115:2358–2368
  39. Bar-Mor G, Bar-Tal Y, Krulik T, Zeevi B. Self-efficacy and physical activity in adolescents with trivial, mild, or moderate congenital cardiac malformations. Cardiol Young. 2000;10:561–566
  40. Massin MM, Hovels-Gurich HH, Gerard P, Seghaye MC. Physical activity patterns of children after neonatal arterial switch operation. Ann Thorac Surg. 2006;81:665–670
  41. Stefan MA, Hopman WM, Smythe JF. Effect of activity restriction owing to heart disease on obesity. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. May 2005;159:477–481
  42. Meyer AA, Kundt G, Lenschow U. Improvement of early vascular changes and cardiovascular risk factors in obese children after a six-month exercise program. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;48:1865–1870
  43. Im J, Lee J, Shim J, et al. Association between brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity and cardiovascular risk factors in healthy adolescents. Pediatrics;150:247–251.

PII: S1058-9813(08)00039-8

doi: 10.1016/j.ppedcard.2008.05.012

Progress in Pediatric Cardiology
Volume 25, Issue 2 , Pages 119-124 , September 2008